一般過去時(shí)

01概念引入

I. 何時(shí)使用一般過去時(shí)？

一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

例如：Lin Tao left for Shanghai at 8:00 yesterday morning.林濤昨天早上八點(diǎn)去上海了。

He was ill last night.昨晚他生病了。

它可以具體分為以下幾種情況：

1)表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。

例如：Li Tao always went to work by bus last term.上學(xué)期李濤一直乘公共汽車上班。

2)表示已故的人曾經(jīng)做過的事情。

例如：Lao She wrote many great works.老舍寫過許多膾炙人口的作品。

3)表示過去所發(fā)生的一系列的動作。

例如：The old man came into the room, took off his clothes and went to bed.這位老人走進(jìn)屋，脫下衣服，然后上床睡覺了。

Mr. Black got up at six o'clock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work.

布萊克先生今天早上六點(diǎn)起床、穿衣服、吃飯，然后去上班了。

II.如何識別一般過去時(shí)？

每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都會有其獨(dú)特的標(biāo)志性詞語(主要是時(shí)間狀語)，我們可以稱其為“標(biāo)志詞”。一般過去時(shí)常見的標(biāo)志詞有：

1. yesterday, the day before yesterday.

2. last week / year / month / term …(簡稱last系列)

3. two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago…(簡稱ago系列)

4. in / on + 過去的年/月/日，如 in 1999, on April, 2005

5. just now, once upon a time, one day…

02用法講解

Ⅰ. be動詞的一般過去時(shí)。

在使用一般過去時(shí)的句子中，如果句子的謂語是be動詞，就要將be動詞變?yōu)檫^去式。主語是第一、第三人稱單數(shù)，be用was;如果是第二人稱或者其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)，be用were。它的一般疑問句是把was(were)提到句首;否定句是在was(were)的后面加not。特殊疑問句是在一般疑問句的前面加特殊疑問詞。

例如：My mother was busy last night. 我的媽媽昨天晚上很忙。(肯定句)

We weren’t at school at that time. 那時(shí)我們不在學(xué)校。(否定句)

Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家嗎?(一般疑問句)

Where were you last night? 你昨天晚上在哪里?(特殊疑問句)

注意：there be句型中be動詞的使用。

當(dāng)主語是單數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)be動詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)主語是名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)be動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

例如：There was a strong wind just now. 剛才有一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)。

There were many people in the supermarket last night.

昨天晚上超市有很多人。

Ⅱ. 行為動詞的一般過去時(shí)。

1)基本用法。

謂語動詞是行為動詞的句子，在一般過去時(shí)中，要將作謂語的行為動詞變成過去式。行為動詞的過去式，一般情況下是在動詞原形的后面加-ed構(gòu)成，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

例如：I wanted to have a rest just now. 我剛才想休息一下。

它的否定句要在謂語動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t，此時(shí)，謂語動詞要變成原形。

例如：My mother watched TV last night. 我媽媽昨天晚上看電視了。(肯定句)

My mother didn’t watch TV last night. 我媽媽昨天晚上沒有看電視。(否定句)

2)行為動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成。

在一般過去時(shí)的句子中，行為動詞過去式分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。

規(guī)則變化有：

(1) 一般在動詞的后面加-ed。例如：work-worked，look-looked。

(2) 以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，直接在詞尾加-d。例如：like-liked，live-lived。

(3) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed。例如：stop-stopped。

(4) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先把字母y變?yōu)閕再加-ed。例如：worry-worried。

不規(guī)則變化有：

do/does-did，go-went，write-wrote，see-saw，

begin-began，have/has-had等。

注意：

在英語中不符合變化規(guī)則的詞很多，要特殊記憶。

例如：They left the farm a moment ago. 他們剛剛離開農(nóng)場。

He swam in the river and had a good time.

他在小河里游泳并且玩得很開心。

3)行為動詞的一般疑問句。

謂語動詞是實(shí)義動詞，一般疑問句要借助于助動詞did。句型為：Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語?其回答仍借助于助動詞，肯定回答用did，否定回答用didn’t。例如：

— Did he watch TV last night?他昨晚看電視了嗎?

— Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. 是的，他看了。/ 不，他沒有看。

4)行為動詞的特殊疑問句。

行為動詞的特殊疑問句句式是：“疑問詞 + did + 主語 +實(shí)義動詞 + 其他?”

What did you do the day before yesterday? 前天你們做什么了?

When did the Green family arrive? 格林一家什么時(shí)候到達(dá)的?

拓展：

常見的特殊疑問詞有：

人用who，whom;物用what;地點(diǎn)用where;時(shí)間用when，what time;原因用why;頻率用how often;長度用how long;距離用how far等。

例如：They went there last Sunday. (對劃線部分提問)

When did they go there?

The boy stayed in Beijing for two years. (對劃線部分提問)

How long did the boy stay in Beijing?

鞏固練習(xí)

Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)選擇。

1. My mother ______ an important meeting last night.

A. has

B. have

C. had

D. will have

2. -_______ your sister _______ her homework yesterday?

-No, she didn’t.

A. Does; does

B. Did; do

C. Did; did

D. Is; did

3. Your sister _______ her friend last Sunday.

A. isn’t visit

B. doesn’t visit

C. didn’t visit

D. won’t visit

4. -When ____ you _____ this article? - I ______ it last week.

A. will; write; write

B. do; write; wrote

C. did; write; wrote

D. did; write; write

5. Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle ____ him last month.

A. gives

B. gave

C. to give

D. has given

6. — When ______ you _______ the bike?

— Last month.

A. have; bought

B. had; bought

C. do; buy

D. did; buy

7. — _____ was your vacation?

— It was great.

A. Where

B. How

C. What

D. When

8. — ______ did they go last Friday evening?

— In the park.

A. Which

B. When

C. What

D. Where

9. — When ______ you come here?

— Two years ago. I have been here for two years.

A. do

B. will

C. did

D. have

10. — Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?

— I ______ well last night.

A. didn’t sleep

B. don’t sleep

C. haven’t slept

D. won’t sleep

11. I ______ late for the class because I ______ill yesterday.

A. were; were

B. am; were

C. am; am

D. was; was

12. There ______ a film in the cinema last night.

A. is

B. was

C. were

D. are

13. It ______ cold yesterday, but it ______ warm today.

A. is; is

B. was; was

C. is; was

D. was; is

14. There ______ a ball and two books on the table just now.

A. is

B. was

C. were

D. are

15. Last Sunday my aunt ______ at home with me. We were watching TV all day.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. are

真題鏈接

1. —What did you do for your mom on her birthday?

—Iher a birthday cake.

A. buy

B. bought

C. will buy

D. have bought

2. — Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge?

—Yes. She ______ it two years ago.

A. visits

B. visited

C. has visited

D. was visiting

3. —Will you see the film Cinderella with us tonight?

— No, I _________it last week.

A. see

B. have seen

C. saw

Ⅱ. 填空題。

A.用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. What ______ the name of your first teacher?

2. — ______ his brothers naughty?

— Yes, they ______. But they ______ well-behaved now.

3.— Where ______ you last night?

— I ______at my grandparents’ home.

4. Where ______ Yao Ming born?

5. My parents ______ in Shanghai in 2006.

B.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. A girl _______ (cry) for help last night.

2. He _______(point) to the book he wanted.

3. I _______(open) the window after I got up.

4. He knocked on the door and _______(enter).

5. Tom jumped up and _______(rush) to the door.

參考答案

Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)選擇。

1. C。本句子的時(shí)間狀語last night是表示過去的時(shí)間，所以用一般過去時(shí)，have/has的過去式是had。

2. B。本句子是考查一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句，用助動詞did構(gòu)成，在did的后面用動詞原形。

3. C。本句子是考查一般過去時(shí)的否定句，用助動詞didn’t+動詞原形構(gòu)成。

4. C。從對話后面回答和時(shí)間狀語last week可以判斷是一般過去時(shí)，在問句中用助動詞did+動詞原形構(gòu)成。后面的回答用一般過去時(shí)。write的過去式是wrote。

5. B。本題考查定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)，從句意為“手表是叔叔上個(gè)月給的”。由 “last month”可知用一般過去時(shí)，所以選B.

6. D。根據(jù)答語的last month，可知應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí);一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句，助動詞應(yīng)該用did，后面接動詞原形，所以答案為D。

7. B。根據(jù)答語可知，問句應(yīng)該問“你的假期怎么樣?”，所以疑問詞用how。

8. D。根據(jù)答語可知，問句問的是地點(diǎn)，對地點(diǎn)的提問，應(yīng)該用where。

9. C。根據(jù)答語中的two years ago可知用一般過去時(shí)，一般疑問句助動詞用did。

10. A。根據(jù)答語中的last night可知用一般過去時(shí)，否定句用didn’t加動詞原形，所以答案為A。

11. D。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語yesterday可知用一般過去時(shí)。

12. B。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語last night可知用一般過去時(shí);由因?yàn)橹髡Z是a film，所以應(yīng)該用was。

13. D。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語yesterday和today可知，第一個(gè)空用一般過去時(shí)，第二個(gè)空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);因?yàn)橹髡Z是it，所以用was和is。

14. B。根據(jù)just now可知用一般過去時(shí);there be句型要遵循“就近原則，由a ball決定謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，所以答案為B。

15. A。根據(jù)last Sunday可知用一般過去時(shí)，因?yàn)橹髡Zmy aunt是單數(shù)，所以用was。

真題鏈接：

1. B。由問句中did可知是一般過去時(shí)，所以答語也用一般過去時(shí)。

2. B。two years ago是過去時(shí)間，一般與一般過去式連用，故選B。

3. C。從答句后面的last week可知該句要用一般過去時(shí)，故選C。

Ⅱ. 填空題。

A.用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. was 2. Were; were; are

3. were; was 4. was 5. were

B.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. cried 2. pointed 3. opened

4. entered 5. rushed

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