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        2024年初中階段英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)重難點(diǎn)及練習(xí)

        來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-16 18:08:49

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        (一)英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)

        主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

        如: Many people speak Chinese.

        謂語:speak的動(dòng)作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。

        被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。

        如: Chinese is spoken by many people.

        主語English 是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。

        (二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

        “助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成"。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化體現(xiàn)。以speak為例說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。

        一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): am/ is/ are + spoken

        一般過去時(shí): was / were+ spoken

        一般將來時(shí): will/ shall be+ spoken

        現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am/is/ are being+ spoken

        過去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were being+ spoken

        現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/ has been+ spoken

        過去完成時(shí): had been + spoken

        (三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法,即什么時(shí)候使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)

        (1)不知道或沒必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

        如: Some new computers were stolen last night.

        幾臺(tái)新電腦昨晚被盜了。(不知道是誰偷的)

        This bridge was founded in 1981.

        這座橋竣工于1981年。(沒必要說明執(zhí)行者是誰)

        (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

        如:Milk was drunk up.牛奶被喝光了。

        Homework must be finished on time.

        家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。

        (3)常見句型:

        It is(was) said that… 據(jù)說……。

        It is(was) reported That... 據(jù)報(bào)道……。

        It is(was) agreed (believed/decided/hoped/that..... ) that.....大家同意(相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為) ....。

        It is(was) well known that....眾所周知……。

        It is(was) taken for granted that... 被視為當(dāng)然……。

        It must be remembered that...務(wù)必記住……。

        (四)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法

        (1)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。(如果是代詞,注意賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?

        (2)謂語動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+ 過去分詞) (be的形式根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù),以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定)。

        (3)主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語,(如果是代詞,主格改為賓格)

        如:All the people laughed at him.

        →He was laughed at by all the people.

        如:They make the bikes in the factory.

        →The bikes are made by them in the factory.

        如:He cut down a tree.

        → A tree was cut down by him.

        (五)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

        含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞構(gòu)成,即主動(dòng)語態(tài)的mod. + do 變成mod.+be done.

        如:We must finished the task in two days.

        →The task must be finished in two days by us.

        如:They should do it at once.

        →It should be done at once.

        (六)特殊情況的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

        (1)賓語補(bǔ)足語

        1.五看二聽一感覺,使役動(dòng)詞有三個(gè),還有一個(gè)help,這些動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中賓語補(bǔ)足語省去to,在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)to要加回。

        如:He made the boy work for two hoursyesterday. →The boy was madetowork for two hours by him yesterday.

        (2)五看二聽一感覺,這些動(dòng)詞加doing賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況(直接帶下來)。

        如:I heard him singing in the next room.

        →He was heard singing in the next room by me.

        (3)雙賓語

        如:Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

        =Jack gave a Christmas present to Peter just now.

        →(1) Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

        →(2) A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

        加雙賓語的常用動(dòng)詞pass,hand,show,give等,sb為間接賓語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),前面加to;sth為直接賓語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)直接加上去。

        如果是buy,cook等加雙賓語情況,sb為間接賓語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),前面加for;sth為直接賓語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)直接加上去。

        (仔細(xì)理解體會(huì)直接賓語和間接賓語的含義,雙賓語的被動(dòng)句型可以一步到位)

        (4)動(dòng)詞短語(當(dāng)做一個(gè)整體,不可分割)

        Theytook good care ofthe old people.

        →The old people weretaken good care ofby them.

        (5)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

        記住兩個(gè)?嫉闹鲃(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義的詞吧!

        need doing 需要被做

        be worth doing 值得被做

        如:The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。

        (七)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別

        (1)意思不同,被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是由誰來做的,是怎樣被做的;而過去分詞作表語通常用來描述人或事或物的特點(diǎn)以及狀態(tài)。

        如:The window is broken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

        The window is broken by him.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

        (2)用法不同,過去分詞作表語可用so, very, too等詞來修飾,而被動(dòng)語態(tài)用much, very much, too much, so much等詞來修飾。

        如:He was very interested in science.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

        I was so much surprised by the scene.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

        (八)、不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況

        (1)不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)

        不及物動(dòng)詞沒有賓語,所以也不可能有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。需注意,有些英語中的不及物動(dòng)詞,譯成漢語時(shí)貌似是“及物”容易出錯(cuò),如:take place(發(fā)生),happen(發(fā)生),come about(發(fā)生),break out(爆發(fā)),appear(出現(xiàn)),disappear(消失),last(持續(xù)),arise(出現(xiàn),發(fā)生),belong, (屬于),disappear(消失),die(死)等:

        如:A fire broke out during the night.

        夜間發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。

        如:Flu usually breaks out in winter.

        流感通常發(fā)生在冬季。

        如:A traffic accident happened just now.

        剛剛發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)車禍。

        (2)某些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)

        靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),如以下各句均不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài):

        如:My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合適。

        如:The hall holds 1000 people. 大廳可容納1000人。

        (3)賓語為相互代詞或反身代詞無被動(dòng)

        相互代詞或反身代詞通常不能用作主語,所以當(dāng)用作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí),句子不可轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

        如:We should help each other. 我們應(yīng)該互相幫助。

        (4) 感官系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)

        如:Milk tastes strange.牛奶嘗起來怪怪的。

        (5)表示物體本身特征/性質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)

        ?嫉膭(dòng)詞如下:sell, wash, wear, read, write

        如:The coat wears well. 這外套穿起來挺好。

        如:The book sells well. 這書賣的不錯(cuò)。

         

        如下是一些有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的練習(xí),來試試吧(你一定可以)

        一、選擇題

        ( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

        A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does; build D. Did; build  ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

        A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened

        ( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.

        A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow

        ( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

        A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited

        ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

        A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D.

        gives

        ( )6.How many trees ____ this year?

        A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted

        ( )7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

        A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done

        D. will be done

        ( )8.Neither of them ______ in China.

        A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made

        ( )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.

        A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn

        D .draws

        ( )10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.

        A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn  ( )11.The doctor _____ for yet.

        A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent

        D. wasn't sent

        ( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______?

        --Last year.

        A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used

        ( )13. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

        A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known

        ( )14.I ____ in summer.

        A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born  ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week.

        A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent

        ( )16.Who _____ this book _____?

        A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written

        ( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

        A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to

        ( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

        A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us

        ( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.  A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump

        ( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

        A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put

        ( )21.Older people ____ well.

        A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after

        ( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully.

        A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened

        (溫馨提示:選擇題選項(xiàng)中有被動(dòng)時(shí),百分之九十都需要選擇被動(dòng),個(gè)別不是被動(dòng)的都需要考慮一下是不是被動(dòng)的特殊情況)

        二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài),每空一詞。

        1. We can finish the work in two days.

        The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.

        2. They produce silk in Suzhou.

        Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.

        3. The children will sing an English song.

        An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.

        4. You needn't do it now.

        It ____ _____ _____ by you now.

        5. Lucy sent me a New Year card last week.

        A New Year card ____ ____ ____ Lucy by me last

        week.

        6. People use metal for making machines.

        Metal ____ ____ for making machines.

        7. He made me do that for him.

        I ____ ____ ____ _____that for him.

        8.I have given this book to the library.

        This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.

        9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?

        ____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?

        10.We'll put on an English play in our school.

        An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school.  11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets.

        Color TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers.

        12.My brother often mends his watch.

        His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.

        13.We must water the flowers every day.

        The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day.

        14.They use knives for cutting things.

        Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.

        15.He made the farmers work for a long time.

        The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time.

        16.Did he break the window yesterday?

        ____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday?

        17.They have sold out the light green dresses.

        The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.

        18.We clean the classroom every day.

        The classroom ____ ____ every day.

        19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.

        Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.

        20.You can dig a hole in the earth.

        A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.

        (溫馨提示:主被動(dòng)的互換,先找出主謂賓,然后按照主被動(dòng)換主賓語,關(guān)鍵需要考慮謂語動(dòng)詞)

        三、 用動(dòng)詞的正確語態(tài)填空。

        1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

        2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.

        3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

        4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

        5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of?

        It _______________(make) of metal and wood.

        6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.

        7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library?

        8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

        9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.

        10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.

        11.These kinds of machines ____(make) in Japan.

        12. Apples __________(grow) in this farm.

        13. Russian _________ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.

        14. Planes,cars and trains ________ (use) by business people for travelling.

        15. The cinema _________ (build) in 1985.

        16. The bike ________ (must not put) here.

        17. A beautiful horse ______ (draw) by John next day.

        18. This kind of machine ___________(can made) by Uncle Wang.

        19. Mr. Green ______ (open) two new school.

        20. The PLA ___________ (found) on August 1st,

        1927.

        21. By the time he was ten, the boy_____(learn)English and French.

        22. How long _____ your uncle ____(be) in the city?

        23. ______ you ____(see) the film yet?Yes, I _______(see) it last week.

        24. Uncle Wang _________(live) here since 1980.

        25. Listen! Someone _________(sing).

        26. Tom ________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.

        (溫馨提示:看看動(dòng)詞的賓語是不是提前成主語了,如果是考慮被動(dòng))

        四、把下列句子改寫成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

        1.They make machines in that factory. __________________________________.

        2.Everybody likes this song. __________________________________.

        3.He doesn't show the stamps to me. __________________________________.

        4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan.

        _____________________________.

        5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.

        _______________________________.

        6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________.

        7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? __________________________________.

        8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? __________________________________.

        9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_______________________________.

        10.How many desks do they buy every term?__________________________________.

        11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.

        _____________________________________.

        12.Cranny told us a story last night. __________________________________.

        13.He didn't give the dictionary to me yesterday.

        _______________________________________.

        14.He didn't buy anything there before he left.

        ______________________________________.

        15.Did he clean the blackboard just now?__________________________________.

        16.When did she cook supper yesterday? __________________________________.

        17.Where did she make them? __________________________________.

        18.Whose ruler did you borrow? __________________________________.

        19.We must tie the young tree to the stick.

        _________________________________.

        20.They can't mend the bike in that shop.

        __________________________________.

        21.You should take good care of her baby.

        __________________________________.

        22.You may take it back home. __________________________________.

        23.May I look after the baby at home? __________________________________.

        24.Must we hand in our exercise-books now?______________________________________.

        25.Can you mend this radio here? __________________________________.

        (溫馨提示:主被動(dòng)的互換,不要被各種不同句式帶偏了哦,先完成被動(dòng)句,然后再考慮句式)

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        初中語文知識(shí)點(diǎn)

        中考滿分作文

        初中資源

        初中語文

        初中數(shù)學(xué)

        初中英語

        初中物理

        初中化學(xué)

        中學(xué)百科