來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-16 18:08:49
(一)英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)
主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
如: Many people speak Chinese.
謂語:speak的動(dòng)作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。
如: Chinese is spoken by many people.
主語English 是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。
(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成"。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化體現(xiàn)。以speak為例說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): am/ is/ are + spoken
一般過去時(shí): was / were+ spoken
一般將來時(shí): will/ shall be+ spoken
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am/is/ are being+ spoken
過去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were being+ spoken
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/ has been+ spoken
過去完成時(shí): had been + spoken
(三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法,即什么時(shí)候使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
(1)不知道或沒必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。
如: Some new computers were stolen last night.
幾臺(tái)新電腦昨晚被盜了。(不知道是誰偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.
這座橋竣工于1981年。(沒必要說明執(zhí)行者是誰)
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
如:Milk was drunk up.牛奶被喝光了。
Homework must be finished on time.
家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。
(3)常見句型:
It is(was) said that… 據(jù)說……。
It is(was) reported That... 據(jù)報(bào)道……。
It is(was) agreed (believed/decided/hoped/that..... ) that.....大家同意(相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為) ....。
It is(was) well known that....眾所周知……。
It is(was) taken for granted that... 被視為當(dāng)然……。
It must be remembered that...務(wù)必記住……。
(四)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法
(1)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。(如果是代詞,注意賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?
(2)謂語動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+ 過去分詞) (be的形式根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù),以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定)。
(3)主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語,(如果是代詞,主格改為賓格)
如:All the people laughed at him.
→He was laughed at by all the people.
如:They make the bikes in the factory.
→The bikes are made by them in the factory.
如:He cut down a tree.
→ A tree was cut down by him.
(五)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞構(gòu)成,即主動(dòng)語態(tài)的mod. + do 變成mod.+be done.
如:We must finished the task in two days.
→The task must be finished in two days by us.
如:They should do it at once.
→It should be done at once.
(六)特殊情況的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
(1)賓語補(bǔ)足語
1.五看二聽一感覺,使役動(dòng)詞有三個(gè),還有一個(gè)help,這些動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中賓語補(bǔ)足語省去to,在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)to要加回。
如:He made the boy work for two hoursyesterday. →The boy was madetowork for two hours by him yesterday.
(2)五看二聽一感覺,這些動(dòng)詞加doing賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況(直接帶下來)。
如:I heard him singing in the next room.
→He was heard singing in the next room by me.
(3)雙賓語
如:Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
=Jack gave a Christmas present to Peter just now.
→(1) Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
→(2) A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
加雙賓語的常用動(dòng)詞pass,hand,show,give等,sb為間接賓語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),前面加to;sth為直接賓語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)直接加上去。
如果是buy,cook等加雙賓語情況,sb為間接賓語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),前面加for;sth為直接賓語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)直接加上去。
(仔細(xì)理解體會(huì)直接賓語和間接賓語的含義,雙賓語的被動(dòng)句型可以一步到位)
(4)動(dòng)詞短語(當(dāng)做一個(gè)整體,不可分割)
Theytook good care ofthe old people.
→The old people weretaken good care ofby them.
(5)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)
記住兩個(gè)?嫉闹鲃(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義的詞吧!
need doing 需要被做
be worth doing 值得被做
如:The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。
(七)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別
(1)意思不同,被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是由誰來做的,是怎樣被做的;而過去分詞作表語通常用來描述人或事或物的特點(diǎn)以及狀態(tài)。
如:The window is broken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
The window is broken by him.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
(2)用法不同,過去分詞作表語可用so, very, too等詞來修飾,而被動(dòng)語態(tài)用much, very much, too much, so much等詞來修飾。
如:He was very interested in science.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
I was so much surprised by the scene.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
(八)、不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況
(1)不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)
不及物動(dòng)詞沒有賓語,所以也不可能有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。需注意,有些英語中的不及物動(dòng)詞,譯成漢語時(shí)貌似是“及物”容易出錯(cuò),如:take place(發(fā)生),happen(發(fā)生),come about(發(fā)生),break out(爆發(fā)),appear(出現(xiàn)),disappear(消失),last(持續(xù)),arise(出現(xiàn),發(fā)生),belong, (屬于),disappear(消失),die(死)等:
如:A fire broke out during the night.
夜間發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。
如:Flu usually breaks out in winter.
流感通常發(fā)生在冬季。
如:A traffic accident happened just now.
剛剛發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)車禍。
(2)某些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)
靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),如以下各句均不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài):
如:My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合適。
如:The hall holds 1000 people. 大廳可容納1000人。
(3)賓語為相互代詞或反身代詞無被動(dòng)
相互代詞或反身代詞通常不能用作主語,所以當(dāng)用作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí),句子不可轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
如:We should help each other. 我們應(yīng)該互相幫助。
(4) 感官系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)
如:Milk tastes strange.牛奶嘗起來怪怪的。
(5)表示物體本身特征/性質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)
?嫉膭(dòng)詞如下:sell, wash, wear, read, write
如:The coat wears well. 這外套穿起來挺好。
如:The book sells well. 這書賣的不錯(cuò)。
如下是一些有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的練習(xí),來試試吧(你一定可以)
一、選擇題
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does; build D. Did; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D.
gives
( )6.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done
D. will be done
( )8.Neither of them ______ in China.
A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made
( )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.
A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn
D .draws
( )10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.
A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn ( )11.The doctor _____ for yet.
A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent
D. wasn't sent
( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______?
--Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( )13. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known
( )14.I ____ in summer.
A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week.
A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent
( )16.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.
A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to
( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us
( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump
( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put
( )21.Older people ____ well.
A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after
( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened
(溫馨提示:選擇題選項(xiàng)中有被動(dòng)時(shí),百分之九十都需要選擇被動(dòng),個(gè)別不是被動(dòng)的都需要考慮一下是不是被動(dòng)的特殊情況)
二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài),每空一詞。
1. We can finish the work in two days.
The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.
2. They produce silk in Suzhou.
Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.
3. The children will sing an English song.
An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.
4. You needn't do it now.
It ____ _____ _____ by you now.
5. Lucy sent me a New Year card last week.
A New Year card ____ ____ ____ Lucy by me last
week.
6. People use metal for making machines.
Metal ____ ____ for making machines.
7. He made me do that for him.
I ____ ____ ____ _____that for him.
8.I have given this book to the library.
This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.
9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?
____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?
10.We'll put on an English play in our school.
An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school. 11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets.
Color TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers.
12.My brother often mends his watch.
His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.
13.We must water the flowers every day.
The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day.
14.They use knives for cutting things.
Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.
15.He made the farmers work for a long time.
The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time.
16.Did he break the window yesterday?
____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday?
17.They have sold out the light green dresses.
The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.
18.We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom ____ ____ every day.
19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.
Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.
20.You can dig a hole in the earth.
A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.
(溫馨提示:主被動(dòng)的互換,先找出主謂賓,然后按照主被動(dòng)換主賓語,關(guān)鍵需要考慮謂語動(dòng)詞)
三、 用動(dòng)詞的正確語態(tài)填空。
1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.
3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of?
It _______________(make) of metal and wood.
6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.
7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library?
8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.
10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.
11.These kinds of machines ____(make) in Japan.
12. Apples __________(grow) in this farm.
13. Russian _________ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.
14. Planes,cars and trains ________ (use) by business people for travelling.
15. The cinema _________ (build) in 1985.
16. The bike ________ (must not put) here.
17. A beautiful horse ______ (draw) by John next day.
18. This kind of machine ___________(can made) by Uncle Wang.
19. Mr. Green ______ (open) two new school.
20. The PLA ___________ (found) on August 1st,
1927.
21. By the time he was ten, the boy_____(learn)English and French.
22. How long _____ your uncle ____(be) in the city?
23. ______ you ____(see) the film yet?Yes, I _______(see) it last week.
24. Uncle Wang _________(live) here since 1980.
25. Listen! Someone _________(sing).
26. Tom ________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.
(溫馨提示:看看動(dòng)詞的賓語是不是提前成主語了,如果是考慮被動(dòng))
四、把下列句子改寫成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
1.They make machines in that factory. __________________________________.
2.Everybody likes this song. __________________________________.
3.He doesn't show the stamps to me. __________________________________.
4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan.
_____________________________.
5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.
_______________________________.
6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________.
7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? __________________________________.
8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? __________________________________.
9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_______________________________.
10.How many desks do they buy every term?__________________________________.
11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.
_____________________________________.
12.Cranny told us a story last night. __________________________________.
13.He didn't give the dictionary to me yesterday.
_______________________________________.
14.He didn't buy anything there before he left.
______________________________________.
15.Did he clean the blackboard just now?__________________________________.
16.When did she cook supper yesterday? __________________________________.
17.Where did she make them? __________________________________.
18.Whose ruler did you borrow? __________________________________.
19.We must tie the young tree to the stick.
_________________________________.
20.They can't mend the bike in that shop.
__________________________________.
21.You should take good care of her baby.
__________________________________.
22.You may take it back home. __________________________________.
23.May I look after the baby at home? __________________________________.
24.Must we hand in our exercise-books now?______________________________________.
25.Can you mend this radio here? __________________________________.
(溫馨提示:主被動(dòng)的互換,不要被各種不同句式帶偏了哦,先完成被動(dòng)句,然后再考慮句式)
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