來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-24 19:57:48
復習冠詞須把握好以下三個原則:
1.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指;
2.復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時,其前不加冠詞;
3.無論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,表示特指時,其前都要加定冠詞the。
考
1.不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式。a用在以輔音音素開頭的名詞前,an用在以元音音素開頭的詞前。
university
In a,aand a-man walked along a-road with atool. This is athing.
在一所大學里,一個歐洲人和一個一只眼的人拿著一件有用的工具沿著一條單行道走著。這是一件平常之事。
hour
Anago,anman accepted angift and went to finish antask.
一小時前,一個誠實的人接受了一件非同尋常的禮物,去完成一項光榮的任務(wù)。
2.不定冠詞a/an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。
The"Chinese Dream"is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development."中國夢"是一個改善民生的夢,是一個和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢。
3.表示某種身份、職業(yè)、地位、國籍。
a
When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet consultedlawyer,Theodore Sedgewick.
當Ashleys一家試圖讓她回來時,Mumbet咨詢了一個叫西奧多·塞奇威克的律師。
4.用在人名或時間名詞前表示不確定的某個人或某個時間;用在人名前還可表示與某人有類似性質(zhì)的人。
—Excuse me,is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood?There is a parcel for him.
—Sorry,but there is no such person here.
——勞駕,這個居民點住著一位名叫Tailor的先生嗎?這里有他的包裹。
——對不起,這兒沒有這么一個人。
5.不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前不表示排序,而表示"再一,又一"。
a
She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked forthird one.她不喜歡這兩個包的顏色,又要了一個。
6.表示單位時間內(nèi)的頻度,含有"每"的概念。
a
The medicine is to be taken three timesday.
這藥每天吃三次。
7.具有動作意義的名詞在與have,take,make等構(gòu)成短語表示一種短暫性的動作時,前面要加不定冠詞。如:take a look看一看;have a try試一試。
You had better go to the factory and have a look.
你最好到廠里去看一看。
8.不定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中。如:a waste of浪費……;all of a sudden突然地;as a rule通常。
It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起,我把她的生日給忘了。
考
1.用在名詞前表示特指。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
—Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——你昨天玩得開心嗎?
——是的,正如你所知,晚會是在愉快的氣氛中進行的。
2.用在世界上獨一無二的人或物、自然現(xiàn)象、發(fā)明物之前。
Do you know who invented the telephone?
你知道是誰發(fā)明了電話嗎?
3.用在序數(shù)詞、比較級(兩者相比較,表示特指的時候)和最高級前。
Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two?你認為這兩個故事中哪個更有趣?
4.用于集合名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和某些專有名詞前。
Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013·陜西)
據(jù)說在十三世紀馬可·波羅去爪哇島途中曾航行經(jīng)過太平洋。
5.定冠詞the和形容詞、過去分詞連用,表示一類人或事物。
Many of the injured are still in danger.
許多受傷者仍處于危險中。
6.用在表示計量的名詞前如by the hour,by the dozen等,但若名詞為抽象名詞則不加冠詞如by weight,by height等。
—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year.
—Right,he will also get paid by the week.
——據(jù)說約翰將擁有一份年收入超過60 000美元的工作。
——是的,而且會按周獲得報酬。
7.定冠詞the用在表示姓氏的復數(shù)名詞前,表示全家人或夫妻倆。
The Whites settled down in Canada last year.
去年懷特一家在加拿大定居。
8.用在方位名詞和西洋樂器名詞前。
the east東部 play the piano彈鋼琴
考
1.不可數(shù)名詞、復數(shù)名詞表泛指,用零冠詞。
Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.
偏遠地區(qū)非常需要教師。
2.稱呼語及表示獨一無二的頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語、補足語或同位語時,不加冠詞。
Dr.Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,"A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge."
這所學校的校長Peter Spence博士告訴我們,這里五分之一的學生將繼續(xù)到牛津或劍橋大學深造。
3.月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲前;三餐、球類、慣用語前;學科、棋類名詞前,用零冠詞。
A year can be divided into four seasons — spring,summer,autumn and winter.
一年可以分為四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
4.no與such連用時應(yīng)放在such之前,such后的名詞不用冠詞。
There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.
天下沒有免費的午餐。
5.在turn(變成)作表語的名詞前不用冠詞,但become后的可數(shù)名詞作表語時前要加冠詞。
He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.
他成了一名醫(yī)生而他弟弟當了教師。
考向四
1.不定冠詞位置
不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意:
a.位于下列形容詞之后:such,what,many,half,
I have never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit for the job.
b.當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時,不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后:
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
So short a time.
Too long a distance.
c. quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。
但當rather,quite前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
d.在as,though引導的讓步狀語從句中,當標語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞后:
Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。
當名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時,不定冠詞通常置于比較級形容詞之后。
2.定冠詞位置
定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。
All the students in the class went out.班里的所有學生都出去了。
學習冠詞的難點
一、在特殊情況下混用a和an
關(guān)于a和an的一般區(qū)別,同學們可能比較清楚,也不易搞錯,但是對于數(shù)字和字母前用該用不定冠詞a還是an,則是許多考生可能忽略的問題。如:
They have an 8-year-old daughter.他們有一個8歲大的女兒。(數(shù)字8在英語中讀音與eight同,故其前用an,不用a;類似地,我們要說an 11-year-old child,不能說a 11-year-old boy。)
Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money.我們的女兒給我們發(fā)來了再要點錢的求救信號。(字母s的讀音為[es],它的第一個音為元音,故其前要用an。)
二、"星期"名詞前冠詞的使用問題
表示"星期"的名詞(如Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday等)一般不與冠詞連用,但有時為了表示"特指"可以帶定冠詞;若表示不確定的"某一個",其前可用不定冠詞。如:
"When can I have my birthday party?" "On the Saturday nearest to it." "我的生日慶祝會在哪天舉行?""就在離你生日最近的那個星期六吧。"
Christmas Day falls on a Monday.今年的圣誕節(jié)是星期一。
You won’t catch me working on a Sunday!你絕對見不到我在星期日工作!
He never opens up shop on a Sunday.星期日他的商店從不營業(yè)。
We had a card from her on the Friday after she got back.
在她回去后的那個星期五我們收到了她的明信片。
"When can I have my birthday party?" "On the Saturday nearest to it."
"我的生日慶祝會能在哪天舉行?""在離你生日最近的那個星期六吧。"
三、"三餐飯"前冠詞的使用問題
一般說來,表示一日三餐的breakfast, lunch, supper前不用冠詞。如:
Breakfast is served until 9 a.m.早餐一直供應(yīng)到上午9點。
Can you manage lunch on Tuesday?你星期二能來吃午飯嗎?
但是,若要特指某一頓早餐、中餐或晚餐,則可在其前加定冠詞。如:
The supper is well cooked.晚飯做得很好。
Thank you for the breakfast.謝謝你的這頓早餐。
另外,若breakfast, lunch, supper受到描繪性定語的修飾,則其前通常要用不定冠詞。如:
We make a good breakfast before leaving.我們動身前好好吃頓早飯。
I’ve got out of the habit of having a cooked breakfast.我已不再保持早餐吃熱食的習慣。
After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station.匆匆忙忙吃完早餐,他就趕到車站去了。
We were well primed for the journey with a large breakfast.為了去旅行,我們早餐都吃得飽飽的。
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