來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-26 19:42:34
定語從句講解
一、定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或句子叫定語。
二、定語從句:修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。代替先行詞的詞叫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。
三、定語從句的構(gòu)成:
先行詞+ 定語從句。在定語從句中,結(jié)構(gòu)是:關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞 + 其它。如:
She is a woman(who has a dog).
括號中who has a dog是定語從句,woman是先行詞。
四、關(guān)系代詞包括:
1. that代替人或物,在定語從句中做主語或賓語。如:
The skirt thatis made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.
這件由絲綢制成的襯衣非常貴,我買不起它。
This is the novelthatis written by Gao Jingming.
這是那本由高敬明寫的小說。
2. who代替人,在定語從句中做主語或賓語。如:
I don’t know the teacher whois talking with Miss Wang.
我不知道那個(gè)正在和王老師說話的老師。
3. which代替物,在定語從句中做主語或賓語。如:
Do you still remember the movie which we saw last weekend?
你還記得上周我們看的那個(gè)電影嗎?
4. whom代替人,在定語從句中做賓語。如:
The boy whom Ioften play with in the park is her brother.
那個(gè)我經(jīng)常在公園里和他玩耍的男孩兒是她哥哥。
5. Whose代替人的或物的。如:
This is the girl whose mother is working over there.
這是那個(gè)她媽媽正在那邊工作的女孩兒。
The house whose floor is too dirty is his.
地板太臟的那所房子是他的。
五、關(guān)系副詞包括:
1. where代替在什么什么地方。在定語從句中作狀語。如:
Disney is an amusementpark where you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters.
迪士尼是一個(gè)樂園,在那兒你能發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的平常的吸引人的迪士尼電影和角色。
2. when代替時(shí)間,在定語從句中做狀語。如:
I can’t forget the time whenthe earthquake happened in Yushu.
我不能忘記玉樹發(fā)生地震的時(shí)候。
3. why代替原因reason,在定語從句中做狀語。如:
This is the reason whywe are talking about it now.
認(rèn)識現(xiàn)在我們?yōu)槭裁凑谡務(wù)撍脑颉?/p>
六、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的成分:
1. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語或主語。如:
Friends are those whomake you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.
(whomake you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed在此句中是定語從句,who作主語)
The book that/ whichhe bought yesterday is very interesting.
(that/ whichhe bought yesterday is very interesting在此句中是定語從句,that/ which作賓語)
2. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。如:
Can you lend me the book(that/ which)you talked about the other day?
(you talked about the other day在此句中是定語從句,that/ which在定語從句中做賓語,可以省略。)
3. 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。如:
---What do you usually do in your leisure time?
--- Ienjoy reading in the library whereIlose myself in a world of good books.
(where I lose myself in a world of good books在此句中是定語從句,where 在定語從句中作狀語。)
七、當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)時(shí),注意先行詞在定語從句中所作的句子成分。當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞which 或that代替;當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where或when代替。如:
1)This is the place in which Ioften play with my friends.
(which I often play with my friends在此句中是定語從句,which代替place,在定語從句中做賓語。)
2)This is the place where Ioften play with my friends.
(where I often play with my friends在此句中是定語從句,where在定語從句中做狀語。)
八、關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或whom。如:
The boy with whom Ioften play in the park is her brother.
(with whom I often play in the park在此句中是定語從句,whom前有介詞with。)
九、定語從句中的謂語和先行詞保持一致。如:
Idon’t know the people who/that are on the stage.
(who/that are on the stage在此句中是定語從句,定語從句中的are和先行詞people保持一致。)
十、特殊情況
以下幾種情況必須用that引導(dǎo)定語從句:
1. 先行詞是人和物。
He chatted online about things and persons that they remembered in the school.
他在網(wǎng)上談?wù)撽P(guān)于他們在學(xué)校里邊兒所記憶人和事。
2. 先行詞是all, some, any, nothing, no 等不定代詞時(shí)。
Is there anything that you don’t need?
還有你所不需要的東西嗎?
3. 先行詞被the only, the very 或the last修飾時(shí)。
She is the only person that Ilike in the class.
她是班里邊我唯一喜歡的人。
4. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。
This is the most beautiful flower that Ihave ever seen.
這是我曾經(jīng)見過的最漂亮的花。
That is the first person that Ihave ever seen in the class.
那是我在班里曾經(jīng)見過的第一個(gè)人。
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