被動(dòng)語態(tài)中謂語動(dòng)詞的基本構(gòu)成：

be + done

2八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：(變 be 的時(shí)態(tài)即可，done不動(dòng))

1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + done

①People grow rice in the south of the country.

Rice is grown in the south of the country.

②The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

2)一般過去時(shí)：was / were + done

①They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

②The students didn't forget his lessons easily.

His lessons were not easily forgotten

3)一般將來時(shí)：will + be done

①They will send cars abroad by sea.

Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

②They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.

Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.

4)一般過去將來時(shí)：would + be done

①The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.

The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.

② The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.

The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.

5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + done

①The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

② We are painting the rooms.

The rooms are being painted.

6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were + being + done

①The workers were mending the road.

The road was being mended.

②This time last year we were planting trees here.

Trees were being planted here this time last year.

7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + done

①Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

②He has brought his book here.

His book has been brought here.

8)過去完成時(shí)：had + been + done

①When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.

② The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; people had considered him to be a great leader.

The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; he had been considered to be a great leader

3含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+ done

①You must hand in your compositions after class.

Your compositions must be handed in after class.

②He can write a great many letters with the computer.

A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.

4被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用情況：

1)當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語。

“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。

These records were made by John Denver.

5主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法：

1)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。

2)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。

3)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里謂語動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語可以省略。

My aunt invited me to her dinner party.

→I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

The school set up a special class to help poor readers.

→A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.

6語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題：

1) 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

→A new computer has been bought. (正確)

→A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤)

2)含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

→I was given a present on my birthday.

如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說

→A present was given to me yesterday.

3) 由動(dòng)詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。

The patient is being operated on.

The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.

His request was turned down.

The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather

4)帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+ 賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。

We always keep the classroom clean.

→The classroom is always kept clean.

She told us to follow her instructions.

→We were told to follow her instructions.

注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后必須還原to。

We often hear him play the guitar.

→He is often heard to play the guitar.

5)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作by的賓語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。

Nobody can answer this question.

誤：The question can be answered by nobody.

正：The question can not be answered by anybody.

6)當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。

They haven't done anything to make the river clean.

誤：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.

正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

7)以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用by whom放在句首。

Who wrote the story?

誤：Who was the story written?

正：By whom was the story written?

8)有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。

The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。

The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

The books sell well. 這些書銷量很好。

9)下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句。

①感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound。

— Do you like the material?

— Yes, it feels very soft.

②不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。

When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

After the earthquake, few houses remained.

③賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語。

I taught myself English.

誤：Myself was taught English.

We love each other.

誤：Each other is loved.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)習(xí)題

考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

英語中有些動(dòng)詞不表示動(dòng)作，而是表示某種狀態(tài)或情況，通常不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如cost, fit, last, own, fail等。

在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，hear, see, notice等感官動(dòng)詞和make, have, let等使役動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但在轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加to。

某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞可表被動(dòng)意義，如：feel, look, smell, sound, taste等。

某些不及物動(dòng)詞后加副詞，也可表被動(dòng)意義，如：lock, open, read, sell, cut等。

含短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，短語中的介詞或副詞不能丟掉。

把直接賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語時(shí)，間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。

不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：appear, die, fall, happen, come out, take place等。

經(jīng)典習(xí)題

1.—Wow, your silk dress looks so beautiful! How much is it?

—Well, it me $50.

A. cost

B. was cost

C. spent

D. was spent

2.—Sandy was made by some boys.

— Oh, sorry to hear that.

A. cry

B. to cry

C. cried

D. to crying

3.—These oranges look ugly, but they very sweet.

— If so, I’d like to buy some.

A. tasted

B. were tasted

C. taste

D. are tasted

4.—Don’t you like the car? It so well.

—I like it a lot, but I just can’t afford it.

A. sells

B. is sold

C. sold

D. was sold

5.As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics in China.

A. took place

B. will take place

C. were taken place

D. will be taken place

參考答案：ABCAB

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